通过注浆成型结合真空发泡制备出具有明显梯度结构的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.该工艺在浆料中加入发泡剂,然后注入底部为石膏的模具中,抽真空保压并恒温保存,浆料在低压下会形成孔径梯度结构.研究发现,气压对样品的梯度结构有较明显影响,随着气压由80 kPa降低到9kPa,样品气孔率由59.01％提高到80.85％,当气压为80 kPa时,样品无宏观梯度结构,随着气压的降低,梯度结构趋于明显.压汞法测试表明,9 kPa气压制备的样品孔径分布比较分散,具有0.5、20、30、40、60、100和200 μm等多种气孔孔径值.该工艺具有简易、廉价,孔径分布和气孔率可调的优点,可实现大尺寸、复杂形貌材料的制备,为梯度多孔材料的制备方法提供了新思路.
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