以氧氯化锆为前驱体,采用环境友好的水相溶胶路线制备出完整无缺陷的管式钇掺杂的ZrO2(YSZ)纳滤膜.并考察了溶胶粒径,材料晶型与孔结构的关系.结果表明:前驱体浓度越低,所制备的溶胶粒径越小,经400℃煅烧得到的粉末中单斜相含量越高,堆积孔径增大;向ZrOC2O4溶胶中添加8mol％钇,有效抑制了ZrO2四方相向单斜相的转变,延缓晶粒生长,同时防止膜层开裂.经纳滤测试表明,实验制备的YSZ纳滤膜对PEG的截留分子量为860 Da,纯水渗透率为200 L/(m2·h·MPa).实验还详细考察了YSZ纳滤膜在pH=6,压力0.8 MPa的条件下对NaCl、Na2SO4、CaCl2和MgCl2 4种溶液的截留性能,结果显示YSZ纳滤膜对0.005 mol/L CaCl2和MgCl2溶液的离子截留率分别达到65％和78％.
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