石墨烯量子点(GQDs)作为石墨烯材料的衍生物,在兼顾了石墨烯优良特性的同时,又依靠量子限域效应和边界效应而具备了光致发光(PL)等石墨烯所不具备的性质,而且在细胞毒性、生物相容性等方面也有更好的表现.近年来,GQDs的制备方法日趋多样化,通常将其分为Top-down和Bottom-up两种方法.随着GQDs在生物医学领域应用的不断深化,对其形貌和尺寸控制也提出了更高的要求,因此本文对Bottom-up法等一些有希望精确控制GQDs形貌和尺寸的方法进行了重点介绍,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了对比.目前GQDs的生物应用主要包括生物成像、生物传感器、药物输运和抗菌剂等,本文对其各种应用分别进行了介绍,并结合各种应用对GQDs的要求给出了制备方法的建议.文章最后还指出了GQDs研究中存在的问题及发展方向.
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