为了探究复合材料波纹梁的吸能性能,针对铺层形式分别为[(±45)3/(0,90)/(±45)3]、[(±45)8]和[(土45)7]的3种复合材料波纹梁元件,进行了动态冲击试验,得到了吸能载荷-位移曲线,并对其损伤破坏形貌进行了分析.以连续损伤力学为基础,结合改进的Hashin损伤判定准则以及损伤演化规律,提出了针对波纹梁耐撞性损伤分析的刚度退化模型,并基于有限元软件平台开发了适用于波纹梁渐进损伤分析的子程序.对3种不同结构形式的波纹梁进行了渐进失效数值分析,模拟得到了能量评估参数比吸能(SEA)和平均载荷值,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析.比较分析了不同薄弱环节复合材料波纹梁的吸能能力.结果表明:波纹梁在冲击载荷作用下发生了渐进压溃失效;平均压溃载荷的相对误差不超过12％,能够满足工程应用要求;薄弱环节的设置需综合考虑复合材料性能和铺层方式等因素.
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