高碳铬不锈钢是应用最为广泛的不锈轴承钢,其具有较高的硬度和一定的耐蚀性,然而较高的碳、铬质量分数导致粗大碳化物的出现,轴承钢的疲劳和耐蚀性能将受到损害.相比之下,钢中添加氮元素能够减少粗大共晶碳化物的数量,同时析出大量细小的氮化物及碳氮化物,氮代碳既强化基体又改善耐蚀性,从而获得高强度与良好耐蚀性.介绍了含氮轴承钢及含氮马氏体轴承钢的发展历程,分析了不锈轴承钢中氮元素对组织结构、力学性能和耐蚀性能的作用机理;介绍国内外含氮轴承钢的研究现状并指出了含氮轴承钢研究的不足,需要在氮溶解模型、氮对组织演变及耐蚀机制等方面进行基础理论研究,同时不断研发不同系列的含氮马氏体轴承钢.
At present,high carbon-chromium stainless steel was widely used as stainless bearing steel,which had high hardness and a certain corrosion resistance.However,high carbon and chromium content led to the precipitation of coarse carbides,which was harmful for fatigue property and corrosion resistance.In contrast,with the addition of nitrogen in high carbon-chromium steel,the amount of coarse eutectic carbides decreased,and more fine nitrides and carbonitrides precipitated from martensite matrix,nitrogen replaced partial carbon strengthened matrix and improved corrosion resistance,which achieved a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.Firstly,this paper introduced the development of nitrogen-containing stainless steel and martensitic stainless bearing steel.And then it elaborated the mechanism of nitrogen on microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Finally,the current status and development of domestic and foreign nitrogen-containing bearing steel were introduced,and the paper pointed out that the future research and development of nitrogen-containing bearing steel in China need not only the development of different series of new type of steel,but also the fundamental research on microstructure evolution,fatigue property and corrosion resistance mechanism,to promote the production of high-end nitrogen-containing bearing steel in China and to meet the needs of high-end equipment for high-end bearings.
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