以高分子微凝胶为载体,先通过浸渍法在载体上引入少许的镍金属种子,再通过化学法镀镍,在种子载体上镀上大量镍,制备出微凝胶负载Ni催化剂.以水合肼为氢给体,使用此类催化剂催化还原芳香族硝基化合物呈现出较高的活性.经动态光散射法检测,这种微凝胶催化剂的流体力学直径为411.9 nm.高分辨透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析表明,所制得的催化剂中Ni主要是以NiO的形式存在.以硝基苯为原料考察了水合肼的用量对反应的影响,结果表明,底物与水合肼的摩尔比为1∶15最佳.在优化条件下,硝基苯衍生物的还原均能得到高产率的芳香胺.动力学研究结果表明,硝基苯氢转移反应的活化能为133.7 kJ/mol,焓变为130.9 kJ/mol,熵变为102.8 J/(mol· K).
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