层层自组装技术(Layer-by-layer self-assembly,LbL)是正处于发展阶段的新技术.与传统成膜技术相比,该技术能组装的材料多种多样(如聚电解质、纳米颗粒、有机小分子等),可以通过模板精确控制薄膜的表面结构和尺寸.薄膜的通透性能和力学性能可以通过控制组装材料、沉积层数、组装条件等来改善.对层层自组装技术的研究进展及应用情况进行了综述,较为详细地介绍了层与层之间作用力的研究进展,阐述了LbL技术在电化学电容器、光敏微胶囊、分离膜、生物化学及药物释放中的应用,并对LbL技术的发展前景进行了展望
The layer-by-layer self-assembly method is a fast developing technique.Compared with the traditional film forming technology,the assembly materials of LbL is varied (such as polyelectrolyte,nanoparticles and organic small molecules) and LbL can control precisely surface structure and size of thin film using template.Film performance and mechanical performance can be fully assembled by controlling materials,the number of sediments,the assembly condition,etc.Based on this,the layer-by-layer self-assembly method is reviewed according to the type of self-assembly interaction and its application in electrochemical capacitor,photosensitive microcapsule,separation membrane,biological chemistry and drug release.Furthermore,the development prospect was described in the paper.
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