材料期刊网

结构色是一种由光学尺度的微纳结构与光相互作用形成干涉、衍射或散射而产生颜色的物理生色效应。与化学生色不同，结构色由于没有色素或者染料的参与，因此没有颜色褪色的现象，同时能够避免使用染料和色素带来的环境污染。目前结构色材料受到研究者和应用开发人员的广泛关注，大量的研究发现结构色可以来源于光子晶体与非晶光子晶体两种结构。光子晶体由规整的周期性结构组成，产生的颜色鲜艳却具有明显的角度依赖性。而非晶光子晶体，其“自身缺陷”导致的短程有序结构具备了各向同性的光子带隙、非虹彩效应、光局域化等特点，赋予了材料柔和亮丽不随角度变化的显色效果，可控的激光效应以及优良的发光效率，从而更能满足材料领域对光散射和光传输等方面的特殊需求。对非晶光子晶体的概念和结构，与可见光作用产生颜色的原理，以及制备非晶光子晶体的不同方法(平板刻蚀法、胶体颗粒自组装法、模板法、相分离法)做了详细的讨论，并对非晶光子晶体产生的结构色效应在光电器件、功能涂料和纺织材料等多个领域中的应用进行了展望。

Structural color is a physical effect of producing color,which arises from interference,diffraction,or scattering of light by micro-or nanostructures with the scale of light wavelength.Distinct from chemical color originated from pigment,structural color is promising to improve the fade phenomenon and to avoid the environmental contamination caused by the dyeing process owing to the absence of pigment or dye.Structural color materials have attracted great attention in both scientific research and industry. Generally,structural color can be generated by using photonic crystals or amorphous photonic crystals.Photonic crystal consists of periodic ordered structure which is effective to produce vivid color but the color is angle-dependent.However,amorphous photonic crystals that possess only short-range order structure owing to their own ‘defects’show interesting optical responses,such as iso-tropic photonic bandgaps or pseudogaps,non-iridescent structural colors,and light localization.These unique properties endow amorphous photonic crystals the coloration effect of mild bright and angle-independent,the controllable lasing and excellent light ex-traction efficiency,which meets the need in the field of unique light scattering and transport.This review summarizes the conception and structure of amorphous photonic crystal,the principle of producing structural color,as well as artificial fabrication of structural color materials with a variety of the methods,including plate etching method,self-assembly of colloid particles,template method and phase separation.Finally,the potential applications of amorphous photonic crystals in photoelectric devices,painting,textile or other expected fields are discussed.