形态可控的碳纳米材料由于独特的结构和性能而受到研究者的普遍关注，常见的制备方法有化学气相沉积法（CVD）、乳液法和水热碳化法等。水热碳化法是一种重要的碳纳米材料制备方法，具有成本低、反应条件温和、产物粒径均匀且形态可控等特点。综述了近年来以糖类及淀粉等有机物为原料，采用水热碳化法制备各种形态可控碳纳米材料的研究现状，重点介绍了水热碳化工艺条件对合成碳微球、空心碳微球、核壳结构碳复合材料显微形貌的影响，并提出了水热碳化法制备碳纳米材料研究中存在的问题和今后可能的发展方向。
The morphology-controlled carbonaceous nanostructured materials have attracted considerable atten-tion because of its special structures and properties.Chemical vapor deposition,emulsion process and hydrothermal carbonization method are widely used for the preparation of carbonaceous nanostructured materials.Hydrothermal car-bonization method is one of the most important methods to prepare carbonaceous nanostructured materials with the ad-vantages of low cost and mild conditions.In addition,the prepared carbonaceous nanostructured materials usually have controllable structure and uniform particle sizes.Recent development of the morphology-controlled carbonaceous nano-structured materials prepared via hydrothermal carbonization process with glucose and saccharides as the main raw ma-terials is summarized.The effects of preparation parameters on the properties of carbon spheres,carbon hollow spheres and core-shell structured composite materials synthesized by this method are reviewed.The advantages of the hydrothermal carbonization method are also introduced and the potential development directions are proposed.
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