硅藻作为一种天然的分级多孔材料,由于精细的微纳结构和出众的物理化学性能,近年来逐渐得到广泛的关注和研究.介绍了硅藻的结构与其独特的光子晶体、微型棱镜等性能,总结了利用硅藻结构合成的模板法和微纳加工方法,以及提供了一些把硅藻结构成功地运用到生物传感器、医学探测器、太阳能电池和锂电池的应用实例.
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