研究了NH4HCO3与Y(NO3)3反应形成的Y2(CO3)3沉淀在陈化过程中的结晶生长机制及其晶粒大小控制方法.结果表明:在陈化过程中发生了由无定型沉淀向水菱钇型结晶Y2(CO3)3的相态转变,其外观形貌也相应地由纳米球形颗粒转变为哑铃状、鸟巢状和球状结晶聚集体.首先是晶型核在颗粒表面的形成,随即进入晶体生长阶段,促进无定型沉淀的快速溶解并在晶核表面生长,表现出以沿晶胞c轴方向的一维生长特征,形成针状细小结晶;由于结晶速度快,针状结晶演变为枝状,并相互连生聚集成哑铃型、巢型和球形聚集体.提高陈化温度可以加速相态转变和形貌演变过程,在短时间内获得大颗粒结晶聚集体.据此,提出了通过沉淀结晶过程和条件的控制来合成不同大小和形貌的Y2(CO3)3和Y2O3粒子的基本方法,并分别制备了中心粒径D50在600nm左右和35μm左右的Y2O3产品.
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