采用了X射线衍射、扫描电镜和振动样品磁强计,研究了富稀土钕铁硼Nd10.5Pr2.5 Fe80Nb1B6合金真空感应熔炼、0.60～0.76 mm吸铸片的凝固过程和凝固择优取向特征.结果显示:0.76mm吸铸片贴模面Nd10.5 Pr2.5Fe80Nb1B6因较高的冷却速度抑制α-Fe相的析出,过冷液体导致2∶14∶1相大量形核、沿热流方向等轴晶快速凝固,等轴晶组织具有垂直贴模面(006)磁织构,最后为富稀土相凝固;随着凝固界面的推进、冷却速度降低到一临界值以下,凝固机制发生改变,较低的冷却速度有利初生α-Fe相以树枝晶生长,随后2∶14∶1相在α-Fe相旁大量形核,成分过冷的液体有利2∶14∶1相以厚片状晶以[410]方向凝固,最后液体为富稀土相.0.60mm吸铸片(Nd,Pr)2Fe14B从两侧贴模面形核以柱状晶向内部生长,最大长度超过吸铸片厚度一半,α-Fe相受到较大冷却速度的抑制,数量大幅度减少,0.60mm吸铸片[006]磁取向进一步优化,剩磁提高73％,矫顽力提高到189.61kA·m-1.
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