为筛选出特效的钍萃取剂,研究了对叔丁基磺酰基桥连杯[4]芳烃(H4L)在盐酸介质中对钍和稀土的萃取.实验结果表明,在0.75＜pH ＜2时,钍的萃取率随酸度降低迅速升高,而稀土离子(La,Eu,Yb,Y)的萃取几乎不受影响,都保持在20％以下,因而对叔丁基磺酰基桥连杯[4]芳烃对钍和稀土表现出良好的分离能力.采用斜率法研究了H4L萃取钍的机制,结果表明钍被以Th(H2L)·Cl2和Th(H2L)2的1∶1混合物的形式萃入有机相,萃取反应的平衡常数为102.14,热力学常数△H,△G和△S分别为15.13 kJ·mol-1,12.21 kJ·mol-1和9.79J.(mol.K)-1.反萃实验表明,该萃取体系可在较低的酸度下实现钍的反萃.
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