以量大价廉的稻壳为原料,先后经 NaOH脱硅处理﹑预氧化﹑磷酸活化,在无模板的情况下制备出介孔炭材料.NaOH脱硅处理可有效除去稻壳中的硅并破坏纤维素的晶体结构,脱硅过程中形成的孔隙亦有利于高比表面积和高中孔率介孔炭的制备. 所制介孔炭比表面积和中孔率分别高达2 009 m2·g-1和90. 8%. 其在50 mA·g-1电流密度下的比电容达176 F·g-1 ,即使在1 000 mA·g-1的大电流下,其比电容仍保持在126 F·g-1 ,表现出优异的倍率能力. 所制介孔炭具有良好的循环稳定性,在200·mA g-1电流密度下的比电容高达150 F·g-1 , 1 000次循环无容量衰减. 稻壳基介孔炭在超级电容器领域具有良好的应用前景.
Mesoporous carbon ( MC) was prepared from rice husk ( RH) by a simple and template-free method which combines H3 PO4 activation with a pretreatment of the RH with a NaOH solution and pre-oxidation in air. The pretreatment of RH with NaOH removes silicon and damages the crystal structure of the cellulose in the RH, both of which are beneficial to the preparation of MC with a high surface area and high mesoporosity. The MC has a specific surface area of 2 009 m2·g-1 and a mesoporosity of 90. 8%. Its specific capacitance can reach 176 F·g-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g-1 , and a value of 126 F·g-1 is retained at 1 000 mA·g-1 , indicating an excellent rate capability. A MC electrode has a stable specific capacitance of about 150 F/g at 200 mA·g-1 with no apparent capacitance fade after 1 000 cycles, indicating good electrochemical stability.
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