分别采用H2和CO2作为载气,CH4为前躯体,通过等温化学气相渗积制备炭/炭复合材料,通过偏光显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜对材料微观结构表征以及渗积过程密度变化,研究载气对沉积速率、体密度和微观结构的影响规律。结果表明：在渗积前50 h,CH4-H2体系的沉积速率明显大于CH4-CO2体系,但在其余渗积时间里,CH4-H2体系的沉积速率小于CH4-CO2体系。当载气从H2变成CO2时,复合材料的体密度从1.626 g/cm3增加到1.723 g/cm3,最大径向密度梯度从0.074 g/cm3减小到0.056 g/cm3。同时,基体炭从纯的粗糙体炭转变为杂化粗糙体炭含有过度生长锥,且平均石墨化度从62.7%下降到50.8%。这些显著的变化是由于CO2的氧化作用降低了表面沉积速率,却没有降低孔内沉积速率,同时大量的缺陷形成于层状石墨烯结构中导致形成过度生长锥,降低了热解炭织构。
Effect of carrier gases( H2 and CO2 ) on the densification rate, bulk density and microstructure of carbon/carbon com-posites fabricated by isothermalchemical vapor infiltration from methane ( CH4 ) was investigated. In the initial 50 h, the densifica-tion rate obtained from CH4-H2 is obviously higher than that from CH4-CO2 , while the densification rate from CH4-H2 is lower than that from CH4-CO2 with a further increase of infiltration time. When the carrier gas is switched from H2 to CO2 , the average bulk density of the compositeincreases from 1. 626 to 1. 723 g/cm3 , the maximum radial density gradient decreases from 0. 074 to 0. 056 g/cm3 , the matrix changes from the pure rough laminar to hybrid rough laminar pyrocarbon with overgrowth cones, and the average degree of graphitization reduces from 62. 7% to 50. 8%. These significant changes are caused by the fact that CO2 can ef-fectively reduce the surface deposition rate but does not inhibit the in-pore infiltration, and thatdefects are formed in the deposits by a CO2 introduction in gas phase and the resulting overgrowth cones deteriorate the texture degree of pyrocarbon.
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