近年来,随着大气环境污染问题日益严重,汽车尾气排放受到政府越来越严苛的控制.柴油车排气成分主要包括碳氢化合物(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、微粒(PM)和二氧化硫(SO2),因此常用的尾气后处理系统有颗粒捕获器(DPF)、氧化型催化转换器(DOC)以及NOx选择还原系统(SCR),在处理尾气时三者联合使用.其中柴油机氧化型催化剂(DOC)是汽车尾气后处理装置的重要组成部分,主要用于氧化CO,HC和NO,可以将CO和HC氧化成无害的CO2和H2O,将NO氧化成NO2,为后续SCR反应提供条件.柴油机排气温度一般较低(150?400°C),特别是在冷启动阶段,排气温度可降低到100°C左右,要求催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性.此外,由于柴油中存在少量含硫有机化合物,经过燃烧分解,使得柴油机尾气中含有少量SO2,对催化剂又有钝化作用,因此催化剂的抗硫性也是需要关注的重点.本文采用浸渍法制备Pt/Ce-Zr-SO42?催化剂,考察了催化剂载体硫酸化以及Pt和H2SO4的负载顺序对催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO的活性及抗硫性的影响,并且对Pt/Ce-Zr-SO42?催化剂进行了一系列表征,探究其物理化学性质.结果表明,SO42?的添加能有效提高催化剂活性.Pt/CZ-10S对C3H6和CO的T90(转化率为90%时的温度)相较于Pt/CZ催化剂降低了约75°C,另外,Pt/CZ-10S催化剂也表现出较好的抗硫稳定性,在含硫尾气中240°C反应20 h后,其对C3H6和CO的转化率仍保持在95%以上.CO-TPD和XPS分析结果显示,Ce-Zr-SO42?载体上Pt的分散度增加,增加的Pt颗粒可以产生更多新的活性位点(Pt&+-(SO42?)&?couples),从而表现出优异的催化活性.此外,硫酸化后催化剂表面酸性的变化也是其抗硫性能提高的原因.
Platinum/cerium-zirconium-sulfate (Pt/Ce-Zr-SO42?) catalysts were prepared by wetness impreg-nation. Catalytic activities were evaluated from the combustion of propene and CO. Sulfate (SO42?) addition improved the catalytic activity significantly. When using Pt/Ce-Zr-SO42? with 10 wt% SO42?, the temperature for 90% conversion of propene and CO decreased by 75 °C compared with Pt/Ce-Zr. The conversion exceeded 95% at 240 °C even after 0.02% sulfur dioxide poisoning for 20 h. Temperature-programmed desorption of CO and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed an improvement in Pt dispersion onto the Ce-Zr-SO42? support, and the increased number of Pt particles built up more Pt&+-(SO42?)&? couples, which resulted in excellent activity. The in-creased total acidity and new Br?nsted acid sites on the surface provided the Pt/Ce-Zr-SO42? with good sulfur resistance.
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