光催化技术在环境净化方面,尤其是降解有机污染物应用上表现出潜在价值.可见光响应型光催化剂具有优异的光吸收特性和高的光催化活性,因而备受人们关注并被大量研究.Pb3Nb2O8光催化剂由于其自身的稳定性以及对可见光响应的能力是一种潜在的高效光催化材料.但是,有报道表明Pb3Nb2O8光催化剂对可见光降解有机物活性较低,这主要归因于它较小的比表面积以及较高的电子-空穴复合率.为了解决这个问题,本文采用蒸发自组装技术制备了大比表面积的介孔Pb3Nb2O8,采用光沉积方式在介孔Pb3Nb2O8上负载了均匀分散的纳米Ag颗粒,并对不同焙烧温度、载Ag量以及进一步的热处理对光催化活性的影响作了深入研究.XRD结果表明,在400℃和500℃焙烧条件下获得的样品属于Pb3Nb2O8相,600℃焙烧使得介孔Pb3Nb2O8发生相变.氮气吸附-脱附表征表明,升高焙烧温度使样品比表面积从最大69 m2/g(400℃)减小到19 m2/g(600℃).透射电子显微镜分析结果表明,所获得样品具有蠕虫状介孔孔道结构,并且Ag纳米颗粒均匀分散在介孔Pb3Nb2O8表面.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,介孔Pb3Nb2O8的吸收边拖尾到530-550 nm,担载Ag之后光吸收发生显著变化,光吸收拓展到700 nm.光催化活性测试采用可见光催化氧化脱氢异丙醇气体至丙酮反应.结果表明,在420 nm以上可见光照射下,1 h内的光催化反应过程中,采用高温固态反应制备的Pb3Nb2O8上丙酮生成速率为2.9 ppm/min,而介孔Pb3Nb2O8催化剂上最高可达55.5 ppm/min.介孔Pb3Nb2O8负载Ag之后,400℃焙烧的介孔Pb3Nb2O8光催化活性显著提高,降解速率达120.7 ppm/min.通过介孔Pb3Nb2O8和固相合成Pb3Nb2O8的光催化活性对比发现,大比表面积样品的光催化活性显著提高.这可归结为大的比表面积提供了大量的催化反应活性位点,从而提高了光催化反应活性,此外介孔材料的孔壁结构为纳米结构,有利于光生电子-空穴传输到表面参加反应.担载Ag后介孔Pb3Nb2O8的光催化活性进一步提高,主要是因为助催化剂Ag纳米颗粒促进了光生电子-空穴分离,延长了载流子寿命,从而提高了光催化活性.
Mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 photocatalysts were synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method. Ag was deposited on the surface of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 by a facile photoreduction process. The as-prepared samples were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, N2 adsorption, HR-TEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results revealed that mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 has a large specific surface area and uniform pore size distribution both before and after Ag deposition. The photodegradation of 2-propanol and acetaldehyde gas under visible-light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation was employed to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 is greatly improved by the Ag co-catalyst. These mesoporous Pb3Nb2O8 exhibit photocatalytic activities as much as 41 times higher when compared with the Pb3Nb2O8 prepared by the solid state reaction method. The content of loaded Ag ranged from 0.5% to 5% (Ag2SO4). The optimal loading was determined to be 1% corresponding the highest photo-catalytic activity. These results clearly indicate that the activity of Pb3Nb2O8 can be improved to obtain an outstanding performance for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
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