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碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是一种应用极其广泛的绿色化工产品,其中经济、绿色的甲醇氧化羰基化合成 DMC工艺极具工业前景,而 Y分子筛负载铜(CuY)是有效催化剂之一.众所周知, CuY催化剂上的 Cu+是催化活性中心. Cu+催化活性中心的引入方式用两种:(1) CuCl直接与 HY分子筛固相离子交换;(2) Cu2+与 NaY分子筛溶液离子交换,然后 Cu2+自还原生成活性中心 Cu+.在无溶剂条件下制备 CuY催化剂时,载体 HY分子筛中的可交换位 H+量是决定催化剂 CuY氧化羰基化催化性能的关键因素.文献通过以不同硅铝比的 HY分子筛为载体制备的催化剂 CuY,研究铜离子可交换位 H+量对氧化羰基化的影响,然而,硅铝比的不同也直接影响了分子筛骨架的组成、Si–O–Al的键角、甚至影响了 Al3+的分散度,这些因素都直接影响了 CuY催化剂活性.因此,研究 NaNH4Y分子筛载体中的可交换位(NH4+)的量与 CuY催化剂活性间的关系具有非常重要的意义.本文将 NaY分子筛与不同浓度的 NH4NO3溶液进行离子交换,制得具有不同 NH4+交换度的 NaNH4Y分子筛,以其为载体,以具有易升华、易分解性质的乙酰丙酮铜 Cu(acac)2为铜源,在无溶剂条件下,高温热处理二者固相混合物, NaNH4Y ;分子筛中的 NH4+与 Cu(acac)2中的 Cu2+发生了离子交换, Cu2+进一步发生自还原生成活性中心 Cu+,成功地制备了完全无氯的 CuY催化剂,应用于催化常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成 DMC过程,研究 NaNH4Y分子筛中的铜离子可交换位 NH4+与催化剂 CuY催化性能间的关系.通过各种表征及对 CuY催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化过程中催化活性分析发现, Y分子筛经过 NH4NO3溶液离子交换及催化剂的制备过程,其八面沸石结构和孔道保持良好.以未经过离子交换的 NaY负载的 CuY催化剂上的铜物种完全以 CuO形式存在,且没有催化活性.随着 NH4+交换度增加, CuY催化剂表面 CuO含量逐渐降低,而活性中心 Cu+含量逐渐增加,且其催化活性也随之增加.当 NH4+交换度趋于极限值时, CuY催化剂中 Cu+含量达最大,其催化活性也达最佳, DMC的时空收率和选择性分别为267.3 mg/(g·h)和68.5%,甲醇转化率为6.9%.因此,无溶剂条件下,以 NaNH4Y分子筛为载体, Cu(acac)2为铜源,制备完全无氯 CuY催化剂时, NH4+是形成 Cu+活性中心的必须条件,且 NH4+交换度直接影响催化剂 CuY的催化活性.

NaY and ion exchanged NaNH4Y zeolite with NH4NO3 were used as the support to prepare CuY cata‐lysts by a high temperature anhydrous interaction between the support and copper (II) acety‐lacetonate Cu(acac)2. The catalysts were used for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dime‐thyl carbonate (DMC) at atmospheric pressure. The textural and acidic properties of NaNH4Y zeolite and the CuY catalysts were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 ad‐sorption‐desorption, temperature programmed reduction of H2, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of NH3. With increasing NH4NO3 concentration, the NH4+exchange degree increased while the crystallinity of the zeolite remained intact. Crystalline CuO was formed when the NH4+exchange degree of NaNH4Y was low, and the corresponding CuY catalyst showed low catalytic activity. With increasing of the NH4+exchange degree of NaNH4Y, the content of surface bound Cu+active centers increased and the catalytic activity of the corresponding CuY catalyst also increased. The surface bound Cu+content reached its maximum when the NH4+ex‐change degree of NaNH4Y reached towards saturation. The CuY exhibited optimal catalytic activity with 267.3 mg/(g·h) space time yield of DMC, 6.9%conversion of methanol, 68.5%selectivity of DMC.

参考文献

[1] T.Frising;P.Leflaive.Extraframework cation distributions in X and Y faujasite zeolites:A review[J].Microporous and mesoporous materials: The offical journal of the International Zeolite Association,20081/3(1/3):27-63.
[2] M.Richter;M.J.G.Fait;R.Eckelt.Gas-phase carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate on chloride-free Cu-precipitated zeolite Y at normal pressure[J].Journal of Catalysis,20071(1):11-24.
[3] Akira Takahashi;Ralph T. Yang;Curtis L. Munson;Daniel Chinn.Cu(I)-Y-Zeolite as a Superior Adsorbent for Diene/Olefin Spearation[J].Langmuir: The ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids,200126(26):8405-8413.
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