The oxidation of para-xylene to terephthalic acid has been commercialised as the AMOCO process (Co/Mn/Br) that uses a homogeneous catalyst of cobalt and manganese together with a corrosive bromide compound as a promoter. This process is conducted in acidic medium at a high tempera-ture (175-225 °C). Concerns over environmental and safety issues have driven studies to find mild-er oxidation reactions of para-xylene. This review discussed past and current progress in the oxida-tion of para-xylene process. The discussion concentrates on the approach of green chemistry in-cluding (1) using heterogeneous catalysts with promising high selectivity and mild reaction condi-tion, (2) application of carbon dioxide as a co-oxidant, and (3) application of alternative promoters. The optimisation of para-xylene oxidation was also outlined.
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