采用浸渍法制备了碱土金属氧化物CaO,SrO或BaO改性的ZrO2酸碱双功能催化剂,借助X射线衍射、低温N2物理吸附、NH3和CO2程序升温脱附等手段表征了催化剂的结构、织构以及表面酸碱性质,并考察了其催化1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水合成3-丁烯-1-醇的反应性能.结果表明,碱土金属氧化物的引入显著调变了催化剂表面的酸性和碱性中心,进而对1,4-丁二醇转化率和3-丁烯-1-醇选择性产生重要影响.其中,CaO改性的ZrO2样品中形成了大量的Ca-O-Zr结构,在ZrO2表面形成大量碱性位点的同时,保持了较高的酸密度；而SrO和BaO改性的样品中生成了相应的锆酸盐,ZrO2表面的酸密度呈现不同程度的下降.因此,CaO/ZrO2催化剂表现出最优的催化活性和3-丁烯-1-醇选择性,350℃时,3-丁烯-1-醇收率最高,达60.5％.催化剂表面的酸碱协同作用是选择性合成3-丁烯-1-醇的关键因素.
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