延时爆破中延期时间的准确识别对于优化爆破设计和降低爆破振动效应具有重要作用。以超大断面调压竖井导井爆破为例，对比分析了基于Hilbert?Huang 变换(HHT)的EMD识别法和瞬时能量识别法在精确短延时爆破中的延期时间识别能力，发现EMD识别法的识别率在80%以上，而瞬时能量法识别率低于25%。通过单孔爆破振动信号瞬时能量分析表明，瞬时能量识别法适用于延期时间大于瞬时能量峰值半周期的微差爆破。将 EMD识别法应用于紫金山露天矿微差爆破延期时间识别，为降低爆破振动和爆破大块率，以识别结果为依据对爆破参数进行了优化。现场实测数据表明：通过优化起爆雷管和延期时间，相同单孔药量下爆破振动降低30%以上；结合压渣爆破和前排抵抗线优化，爆破块度成功降低到3%以下。研究结果证明了基于HHT的延期时间识别法能有效实现爆破设计的优化，该识别方法对于其他类似爆破工程的设计优化具有一定的参考价值。
The accurate identification of delay time in millisecond blasting plays an important role in the optimization of blasting design and reduction of vibration effect. Through a case study of a surge shaft blasting project, the capability of the EMD (empirical mode decomposition) method in identifying the delay time of short millisecond blasting with precise initiation was compared with the instantaneous energy method based on Hilbert?Huang transform (HHT). The recognition rate of the EMD method was more than 80%, while the instantaneous energy method was less than 25%. By analyzing the instantaneous energy of single-hole blasting signal, it was found that the instantaneous energy method was adaptable to millisecond blasting with delay time longer than half of the energy peak period. The EMD method was used to identify delay time of millisecond blasting in Zijinshan open-pit mine. According to the identification results, the blasting parameters were optimized for controlling the blast-induced vibration and reducing the large block ratio. The field data showed that the velocity peak of ground vibration was reduced by more than 30%under almost the same maximum charge per delay by the optimization of delay time and detonating detonators. Combining with slag-remaining blasting and burden optimization of the first row, the large block ratio was reduced to less than 3%. The research results proved that the identification method based on HHT was feasible to optimize the blasting design. The identification method is also of certain reference value for design optimization of other similar blasting projects.
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