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The present work studied the effect of heat treatment on tensile properties of bulk nanocrystalline Al (nano-Al) cold-compacted from nano-Al powder. The nano-Al powder synthesized by the active H plasma evaporation was compacted under 1.42 GPa pressure at room temperature into disks with 25 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The cold-compacted disks were heat-treated at temperature range from 540 degrees C to 635 degrees C, then machined into the tensile specimens with 25 mm total length. The results indicated that the grain size of the cold-compacted nano-Al heat-heated at 635 degrees C is basically consistent with the primary powder. The tensile specimens heat-treated at temperatures lower than 600 degrees C are broken prematurely in the elastic deformation region during the tensile test process with a brittle intergranular fracture. The specimens heat-treated at temperatures higher than 600 degrees C give the complete stress-strain curves, the yield strengths sigma(0.2) and tensile strengths sigma(b) are 12-16 times and 5-6 times those of annealed coarse-grained Al respectively, the elongations-to-failure are all 4%, and the mechanism of failure is transgranular shear fracture with a ductile dimples fracture. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc.