A nanocrystalline surface layer was fabricated on a pure Fe plate by using an ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technique. The USSP induced surface nanocrystallization products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Experimental evidences showed that after USSP treatments, the initial coarse-grained structure in the surface layer was refined into equiaxed ultrafine grains (about 10nm) with random crystallographic orientations. The grain refinement mechanism during USSP treatments is discussed. (C)1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc.
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