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Magnesium has shown potential application as a bio-absorbable biomaterial, Such as for bone screws and plates. In order to improve the Surface bioactivity. a calcium phosphate was coated oil a magnesium alloy by a phosphating process (Ca-P coating). The Surface characterization showed that a porous and netlike CaGPO(4)center dot 2H(2)O layer with small amounts of Mg(21) and Zn(21) was formed oil the surface of the Mg alloy. Cells L929 showed significantly good adherence and significantly high growth rate and proliferation characteristics oil the Ca-P coated magnesium alloy (p < 0.05) in in-vitro cell experiments, demonstrating that the Surface cytocompatibility of magnesium was significantly improved by the Ca-P coating. In vivo implantations of the Ca-P coated and the naked alloy rods were carried Out to investigate the bone response at the early stage. Both routine pathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the Ca-P coating provided magnesium with a significantly good Surface bioactivity (p < 0.05) and promoted early bone growth at the implant/bone interface. It Was suggested that the Ca-P coating might be all effective method to improve the surface bioactivity of magnesium alloy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.