以金属镍铁为催化剂，通过化学气相沉积法高选择性地制备了纳米洋葱碳( CNOs)。所制备的CNOs为内嵌金属核心与中空CNOs的混合物，常规的酸洗-煅烧纯化工艺往往会造成外层碳壳的破坏，形成无定型碳。通过对CNOs的铁磁性分析，提出了磁选分离工艺，可以有效地将内嵌金属的CNOs与空心CNOs分离，分离后空心CNOs纯度在95%以上。
引用：
张敏,
张卫珂,
焦琛,
杨宏艳,
蔡慧中,
{"currentpage":1,"firstResult":0,"maxresult":10,"pagecode":5,"pageindex":{"endPagecode":5,"startPagecode":1},"records":[{"abstractinfo":"锂离子电池正极材料LiNiO2存在合成困难、循环性能差和热稳定性差等问题.这些问题都与LiNiO2本身的晶体结构有关.本文从LiNiO2晶体结构入手,分析了产生这些问题的原因,并对解决这些问题的办法进行了简要的综述.现有研究资料表明,仅仅通过优化合成条件只能在一定程度上改善LiNiO2的循环性能,要从根本解决LiNiO2的存在问题,关键是通过掺杂改性稳定其晶体结构.","authors":[{"authorName":"叶乃清","id":"a3764179-36a2-4941-a0cf-de3e50a21204","originalAuthorName":"叶乃清"},{"authorName":"刘长久","id":"28e27fa9-2624-4575-a4a4-d25a3ce204aa","originalAuthorName":"刘长久"},{"authorName":"沈上越","id":"bdc7af09-e896-484b-a105-4199ad28489d","originalAuthorName":"沈上越"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"1217","id":"2039502a-8203-4fc9-944e-fb8c06c34ac1","issue":"6","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"WJCLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/WJCLXB.jpg","id":"62","issnPpub":"1000-324X","publisherId":"WJCLXB","title":"无机材料学报"},"keywords":[{"id":"3b11354e-cbfa-4e9e-9f87-9d221321e250","keyword":"锂离子电池","originalKeyword":"锂离子电池"},{"id":"81cdccc2-e06a-4b0a-a1de-5b0516b3cf7b","keyword":" cathode","originalKeyword":" cathode"},{"id":"dd699947-b172-47a3-9215-c33cfbe3a9a7","keyword":" LiNiO_2","originalKeyword":" LiNiO_2"},{"id":"73d68ae1-daac-4bca-af11-6a446b7be3bb","keyword":" drawbacks","originalKeyword":" drawbacks"},{"id":"9a2e469a-d278-42dd-85e8-3be83e7a8d61","keyword":" improve ways","originalKeyword":" improve ways"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"1000-324X_2004_6_21","title":"锂离子电池正极材料LiNiO2存在的问题与解决办法","volume":"19","year":"2004"},{"abstractinfo":"用喷涂方法在Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)电解质上制备梯度复合阴极, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)测试, 确定了复合材料Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC)-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)的物相组成; SEM结果表明, 阴极呈现多孔的微结构, 且与电解质表面接触良好. 每层材料的热膨胀系数随着SSC含量的增加而增大, 而电阻率随着SSC含量的增加而下降. 对梯度复合阴极材料的电化学性能进行了测试, 结果表明: 梯度复合阴极材料具有比单层SSC阴极材料更好的电化学活性.
","authors":[{"authorName":"李艳","id":"534200c9-b362-402c-80b4-25dae211407a","originalAuthorName":"李艳"},{"authorName":"吕#[72]","id":"a4d89c51-f818-4f63-a6b0-9f209366c70b","originalAuthorName":"吕#[72]"},{"authorName":"王洪涛","id":"46f49b63-6f4b-4b57-ac5b-fa1059db535f","originalAuthorName":"王洪涛"},{"authorName":"王月花","id":"f285b935-3d3e-438a-ba38-053f119252dc","originalAuthorName":"王月花"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1077.2007.00885","fpage":"885","id":"2455570c-e7d3-443a-b5dd-cd0b9695c76f","issue":"5","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"WJCLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/WJCLXB.jpg","id":"62","issnPpub":"1000-324X","publisherId":"WJCLXB","title":"无机材料学报"},"keywords":[{"id":"9cc8e12e-b520-4e08-a183-67cf6ef067f0","keyword":"固体氧化物燃料电池","originalKeyword":"固体氧化物燃料电池"},{"id":"02b64611-f657-4c07-8243-e343193bbd46","keyword":" grade-layer composite","originalKeyword":" grade-layer composite"},{"id":"afabeea7-2dd0-441d-a50c-c59a58bc1199","keyword":" cathode","originalKeyword":" cathode"},{"id":"e219c8d5-9943-4d88-9bf8-0da182cc32d9","keyword":" SSC","originalKeyword":" SSC"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"1000-324X_2007_5_28","title":"固体氧化物燃料电池梯度复合阴极材料的制备及性能研究","volume":"22","year":"2007"},{"abstractinfo":"采用络合法制备了锂离子电池的活性正极材料LiNi0.9Co0.1O2粉体,实验表明合成的LiNi0.9Co0.1O2粉体结晶良好,层状结构发育完善。电池充放电测试结果表明,其容量及循环性能与LiNi0.9Co0.1O2粉体的合成温度有关,其中900℃合成得到的LiNi0.9Co0.1O2材料具有最好的电化学性能,首次放电比容量高达120.5mAh/g,循环30次后可逆放电比容量仍高达118.8mAh/g,容量损失仅为1.4％。文中对容量退化的原因进行了分析。","authors":[{"authorName":"刘景","id":"6f26208c-def7-4755-b1b0-c40477f73630","originalAuthorName":"刘景"},{"authorName":"温兆银","id":"27abbeb3-ecb8-434a-b1c4-b891745a3e49","originalAuthorName":"温兆银"},{"authorName":"顾中华","id":"af81700f-4d86-45a2-83de-b2f6ab2d0f60","originalAuthorName":"顾中华"},{"authorName":"张向峰","id":"a360fc6c-ce2e-449e-ba26-2d2430641ec1","originalAuthorName":"张向峰"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"813","id":"c3b3dccc-ad8e-42db-b1df-990e837f3f0f","issue":"4","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"WJCLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/WJCLXB.jpg","id":"62","issnPpub":"1000-324X","publisherId":"WJCLXB","title":"无机材料学报"},"keywords":[{"id":"230a5904-497b-495b-8f17-2d802d2b7757","keyword":"LiNi0.9Co0.1O2","originalKeyword":"LiNi0.9Co0.1O2"},{"id":"a9e531a2-df4e-4d10-8b66-d30930230dec","keyword":" cathode","originalKeyword":" cathode"},{"id":"c26584d0-1b44-4b30-a4cd-110c2894498a","keyword":" complexation process","originalKeyword":" complexation process"},{"id":"9178749d-6a40-42d9-94ea-801104bf713d","keyword":" lithium-ion batteries","originalKeyword":" lithium-ion batteries"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"1000-324X_2003_4_30","title":"LiNi0.9Co0.1O2正极材料的EDTA络合法合成及其性能研究","volume":"18","year":"2003"},{"abstractinfo":"采用溶胶-凝胶技术, 制备了LiCoO2涂覆的熔融碳酸盐燃料电池NiO阴极. 研究了LiCoO2涂覆阴极的微观组织和在Li2CO3-K2CO3熔融碳酸盐中的溶解特性, 并对其电化学性能进行了测试. 结果表明LiCoO2涂层有效地降低了NiO在Li2CO3-K2CO3熔盐电解质中的溶解度和溶解速率, 对单电池的性能有所改善, 并在一定程度上抑制了Ni在电解质基板中的沉淀.","authors":[{"authorName":"李箭","id":"edc3c69f-aeae-4af2-ad77-e9e1055ec0da","originalAuthorName":"李箭"},{"authorName":"蒲健","id":"7fb3e8f7-db7e-4491-a7c7-02e12d485849","originalAuthorName":"蒲健"},{"authorName":"肖建中","id":"ce8e80bd-b993-4f5f-8143-36f24b547255","originalAuthorName":"肖建中"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1077.2006.00420","fpage":"420","id":"d299e5f4-e6a0-41d8-b683-09420462fce0","issue":"2","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"WJCLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/WJCLXB.jpg","id":"62","issnPpub":"1000-324X","publisherId":"WJCLXB","title":"无机材料学报"},"keywords":[{"id":"67b14526-dfc8-49ad-b447-423e258c480f","keyword":"熔融碳酸盐燃料电池","originalKeyword":"熔融碳酸盐燃料电池"},{"id":"76d5dcd9-edfa-4e55-8941-ee721a6cc7cc","keyword":" LiCoO2","originalKeyword":" LiCoO2"},{"id":"76d611c2-6de5-4fb1-b197-7656060de5a6","keyword":" cathode","originalKeyword":" cathode"},{"id":"3545d325-793c-4ccc-ac05-a97477f39ad9","keyword":" molten carbonate fuel cells","originalKeyword":" molten carbonate fuel cells"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"1000-324X_2006_2_8","title":"熔融碳酸盐燃料电池LiCoO2涂覆阴极的微观结构和性能","volume":"21","year":"2006"},{"abstractinfo":"采用固相反应法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Pr2-xSrxCoO4+δ (x=0.8,1.0, 1.2). 通过XRD、SEM、热膨胀法、直流四探针法、交流阻抗谱法和循环伏安法对该体系材料的晶体结构、热膨胀系数、电导率和电化学性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 合成的粉体均形成了单相K2NiF4结构, Pr0.8Sr1.2CoO4+δ与电解质材料Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)在1100℃空气气氛下混合烧结, 未生成杂相. 材料的热膨胀系数随着Sr含量的增加而升高. 800℃时样品的电导率均大于100 S/cm. 随着Sr含量的增加, 极化电阻减小, Pr0.8Sr1.2CoO4+δ在空气中的极化电阻最小, 700℃为0.29 Ω·cm2.","authors":[{"authorName":"曹悦","id":"e7e548e4-e0f0-486f-bb68-39490d514c87","originalAuthorName":"曹悦"},{"authorName":"顾海涛","id":"77e6ec21-8993-4399-be09-c36acd9d6a28","originalAuthorName":"顾海涛"},{"authorName":"陈涵","id":"dd65cb52-162e-4d60-9ac1-df0e69719623","originalAuthorName":"陈涵"},{"authorName":"郑益锋","id":"94d62898-173d-40fe-8e66-d9bb64ca76cf","originalAuthorName":"郑益锋"},{"authorName":"周明","id":"fe2b2b39-f6fe-4011-9dc7-3aa5255eea35","originalAuthorName":"周明"},{"authorName":"郭露村","id":"87ca86bf-fa51-404f-9472-e3c366f86651","originalAuthorName":"郭露村"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1077.2010.00738","fpage":"738","id":"f5ec6e22-cf3b-4b8f-9791-276c069fdefe","issue":"7","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"WJCLXB","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/WJCLXB.jpg","id":"62","issnPpub":"1000-324X","publisherId":"WJCLXB","title":"无机材料学报"},"keywords":[{"id":"72f8317d-f134-44ef-8d1d-67e5f1945f33","keyword":"固体氧化物燃料电池","originalKeyword":"固体氧化物燃料电池"},{"id":"9486769f-0310-41b9-96a6-70aae2004392","keyword":" cathode","originalKeyword":" cathode"},{"id":"0c5eda76-dbf6-4ba4-8b0e-1d80fa0fde46","keyword":" thermal expansion","originalKeyword":" thermal expansion"},{"id":"9470db9c-4e36-4d7c-9a5f-f34f0a923e2c","keyword":" electrical conductivity","originalKeyword":" electrical conductivity"},{"id":"97e9fcaf-3cbf-46b0-b1b0-19bf2b8932a9","keyword":" electrochemical properties","originalKeyword":" electrochemical properties"}],"language":"zh","publisherId":"1000-324X_2010_7_7","title":"中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Pr2-xSrxCoO4+δ的制备及性能研究","volume":"25","year":"2010"},{"abstractinfo":"Platinum nanoparticles in aqueous solution were synthesized for the first time by a novel electrochemical reduction of ionic platinum in the presence of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) which is used as a protecting agent. The utilization of a rotating cathode and the selection of a suitable protecting agent played an important role in these methods. PVP not only protects metallic particles from agglomeration but also promotes metal nucleation, which tends to produce small metal particles. Using a rotating cathode effectively solves the technological difficulty of rapidly transferring the (electrochemically synthesized) metallic nanoparticles from the cathode vicinity to the bulk solution, avoiding the occurrence of flocculates in the vicinity of the cathode, and ensuring the monodispersity of the particles. The effects of polymer stabilizer concentration, chloroplatinic acid concentration and reaction time on the particle size were studied. The platinum nanoparticles synthesized by the electrochemical method were characterized by TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy and XRD. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","authors":[],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"341","id":"7fd100c6-76fe-42f8-a2c9-e4792f5c16d9","issue":"3","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"PES&N","id":"dd185c78-f6aa-463f-b351-7c4d15ad6f79","issnPpub":"1386-9477","publisherId":"PES&N","title":"Physica E-Low-Dimensional Systems & Nanostructures"},"keywords":[{"id":"74d5c0c4-8e3c-482c-b86a-89b649c2e525","keyword":"rotating cathode;electrochemical method;platinum nanoparticles;polymer stabilizer;UV-vis absorption spectrum;shape-controlled synthesis;gold nanoparticles;silver nanoparticles;metal-clusters;x-ray;size;colloids;nanorods;state","originalKeyword":"rotating cathode;electrochemical method;platinum nanoparticles;polymer stabilizer;UV-vis absorption spectrum;shape-controlled synthesis;gold nanoparticles;silver nanoparticles;metal-clusters;x-ray;size;colloids;nanorods;state"}],"language":"en","publisherId":"1386-9477_2005_3_1","title":"Electrochemical formation of platinum nanoparticles by a novel rotating cathode method","volume":"27","year":"2005"},{"abstractinfo":"The role of the microstructure of cathode materials in the geometrical parameters and dynamic processes of cathode spots is studied on the basis of investigation of the microscopic traces of vacuum arcs without an external magnetic field. The arc erosion pattern shows that spot craters locate on the phases with weak voltage withstanding, whose size, morphology and distribution determine those of the arc spots. The spot tracks over the cathode alloys with ultra-fine microstructure disperse to a greatly increased electrode area, suggesting that the spot motion is controlled by the microstructure of the electrode materials. A proposed spot dynamics model infers that the spot velocity may increase by two orders when the typical microstructure scale is less than a characteristic value, i.e. the spot fragment size. It is concluded that the microstructure, including the constituent phases and their size, is an important factor dominating the microscopic migration mechanism of arc cathode spots.","authors":[],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"2649","id":"f98342ba-d7b7-42f9-878c-68413fde5596","issue":"21","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"JOPDP","id":"8a34b94c-f12f-48b4-9244-e8a08cb36e20","issnPpub":"0022-3727","publisherId":"JOPDP","title":"Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics"},"keywords":[{"id":"839386be-54c1-4abc-acc4-28da8ef962d3","keyword":"cucr contact materials;vacuum arcs;temperature;breakdown;strength;motion","originalKeyword":"cucr contact materials;vacuum arcs;temperature;breakdown;strength;motion"}],"language":"en","publisherId":"0022-3727_2003_21_1","title":"Effect of the microstructure of electrode materials on arc cathode spot dynamics","volume":"36","year":"2003"},{"abstractinfo":"Cathode spot motion and macroparticles (MPs) reduction on related films are the two main issues in the application of the vacuum arc deposition (VAD). In the present work, an axisymmetric magnetic field (AMF) was applied to the cathode surface to investigate the influence of the AMF on the cathode spot motion and the MPs reduction on TiN films. The results show that the AMF affected the cathode spot motion by redistributing the dense plasma connected with the initiation of the new spot. With increasing AMF, there is an increasing tendency for the cathode spot to rotate and drift toward the cathode target edge. Based on the results of FEM simulation and the physical mechanism of the cathode spot discharge, the mechanism of the cathode spot motion in the AMF was discussed. The morphology, detailed size distribution, and roughness of the resultant TiN films were systematically investigated. Fewer and smaller MPs ejection is observed with an increase in the transverse component of AMF. The effect of the AMF on the MPs reduction on TiN films was discussed, and the results were compared with the theoretical predictions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","authors":[],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"1111","id":"e4624749-8550-4571-a0f6-29e56295fb98","issue":"9","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"V","id":"e31172f1-0c64-4610-9ded-c84b5c128262","issnPpub":"0042-207X","publisherId":"V","title":"Vacuum"},"keywords":[{"id":"42ccf240-1460-47b3-90eb-a962dd03b9cf","keyword":"Vacuum arc deposition;Axisymmetric magnetic field;Cathode spot motion;Macroparticles reduction;pressure","originalKeyword":"Vacuum arc deposition;Axisymmetric magnetic field;Cathode spot motion;Macroparticles reduction;pressure"}],"language":"en","publisherId":"0042-207X_2010_9_1","title":"Study on cathode spot motion and macroparticles reduction in axisymmetric magnetic field-enhanced vacuum arc deposition","volume":"84","year":"2010"},{"abstractinfo":"Two-cell solid oxide fuel Cell (SOFC) stacks with an anode-facing-cathode configuration were operated in single chamber conditions, i.e., oxygen, methane, and nitrogen mixture. The effect of the distance between two cells on the cell performance was investigated. A single cell consisted of a porous NiO/8 mol % Y(2)O(3)-stabilized ZrO(2) (YSZ) anode support, a YSZ electrolyte membrane, and a Ce(0.8)Sm(0.2)O(1.9)-impregnated La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) cathode. The experimental result demonstrated that the effect of the distance on the cathode was quite distinct when the distance (D) was equal to 2 mm. The distance effect could be negligible when D was larger than 4 mm. The effects were also varied with the ratio of methane and oxygen (M). An acceptable value of the distance was critical for the operation and performance of the stack. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3196245] All rights reserved.","authors":[],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"","id":"d2896ec4-75ae-4f31-93d5-8e5706db2591","issue":"10","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"JOTES","id":"2ce1b26b-5314-4a39-8592-605366bf8b5e","issnPpub":"0013-4651","publisherId":"JOTES","title":"Journal of the Electrochemical Society"},"keywords":[{"id":"cbdd0c6e-f1f6-4256-ab9d-5eb21712da3d","keyword":"oxide fuel-cells;high-power-density;performance;methane;electrolyte;mixture","originalKeyword":"oxide fuel-cells;high-power-density;performance;methane;electrolyte;mixture"}],"language":"en","publisherId":"0013-4651_2009_10_1","title":"Effect of the Cell Distance on the Cathode in Single Chamber SOFC Short Stack","volume":"156","year":"2009"},{"abstractinfo":"In this paper, technology margin experiment of hollow cathode fusion are welding (FAW) and penetrating are welding (PAW) is presented in detail. The advantages of PAW, compared with FAW, are better weld formation, narrower welds, as well as a larger welding technology margin. Technological experiment and hydraulic test for the Ti alloy pressure vessels with PAW are described. Also, the weld formation control on Ti alloys is preliminarily analyzed. Finally, conclusions are addressed.","authors":[{"authorName":"Zhihua LIU","id":"28683ed0-3a2f-44c5-8abe-7b622a664783","originalAuthorName":"Zhihua LIU"},{"authorName":" Qing ZHAO","id":"fc103be7-7404-4273-9f67-bd66ea1624b6","originalAuthorName":" Qing ZHAO"},{"authorName":" Deqing LI","id":"2e3cd99a-0cf2-4b20-9139-119910698858","originalAuthorName":" Deqing LI"}],"categoryName":"|","doi":"","fpage":"183","id":"3afdb130-3310-410b-9599-2bffcb8ac80d","issue":"1","journal":{"abbrevTitle":"CLKXJSY","coverImgSrc":"journal/img/cover/JMST.jpg","id":"11","issnPpub":"1005-0302 ","publisherId":"CLKXJSY","title":"材料科学技术（英文）"},"keywords":[],"language":"en","publisherId":"1005-0302_2001_1_82","title":"Study of Hollow Cathode Arc Welding Technology for Ti Alloys","volume":"17","year":"2001"}],"totalpage":30,"totalrecord":300}
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