Effects of micro-alloying elements and production process on microstructure, mechanical properties and precipitates of 600 MPa grade rebars were studied by using pilot test, metallographic observa-tion, tensile test, thermodynamic calculation and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the tested steels are composed of ferrite and pearlite, in which the content range of pearlite is 33%-45%.For vanadium micro-alloyed steel, interphase precipitation strengthening effect of V can be promoted and the yield strength of tested steels can be increased with increasing V content and de-creasing finishing rolling temperature.The temperature of terminated cooling should be more than 700℃ when the water cooling is used.When niobium is added to the steel, more coarse (Nb,V)C,N precipitates are generated at high temperature, so that the solid solubility of precipitated phases of vanadium is reduced and the precipitation strengthening effect of vanadium is weakened.